Българските митници са отслабили борбата с наркотрафика

ПИШЕТЕ НА АЗБУКА отговор Сигнализирай

За да не се ровите в докладът на Държавният департамент на САЩ на стр 157 пише това за БългарияINCSR 2010 Volume 1 Country Reports157BulgariaA. IntroductionBulgaria is a transit country for heroin and cocaine, as well as a producer of illicit narcotics. The only illicit drug crop known to be cultivated in Bulgaria is cannabis, primarily for domestic consumption. Recent evidence suggests that there has been a decrease in the indigenous manufacture of synthetic stimulant products. There are approximately 300,000 drug addicts in Bulgaria of which 10 percent are addicted to heroin.The Customs Agency under the Ministry of Finance, along with several specialized police services under the Ministry of Interior (MOI), including the Border Police and the Directorate forbating Organized and Serious Crime (GDBOP), are engaged in counternarcotics efforts. In the arena of counter-narcotics, GDBOP's Anti-Drug Unit is developing into an effective law enforcement...Прочитане на целия коментар organization. As evidenced by its declining drug seizures, the Customs Agency's institutional capability tobat drugs weakened this year due to structural changes that prioritize countering other contraband overbating narcotics. The Bulgarian government has demonstrated political will tobat major organized crime rings and has begun prosecuting numerous high-level cases.Bulgaria faces several significant challenges in its fight against narcotics trafficking and related crimes. Although there is some evidence suggesting that traffickers are bypassing Bulgaria via alternative routes, Bulgaria's strategic geographical position astride Balkan heroin transit routes makes it vulnerable to international trafficking organizations transporting narcotics into the European Union. Organized crime groups, both Bulgarian and foreign, have increased their influence and involvement in the international narcotics trade. These groups are sophisticated, well-financed, and have entrenched themselves within Bulgarian society. Bulgaria is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention.B. Drug Control Aplishments, Policies, and Trends1. Institutional DevelopmentOn April 21, 2010, the Parliament passed amendments to Bulgaria's criminal procedure code that improved the ability of law enforcement to gather evidence and convict high profile drug traffickers. These amendments allow judges to appoint reserve defense attorneys in cases when defense lawyers fail to appear in court without a reasonable excuse (amon tactic in organized crime cases). The amendments also provide additional safeguards for witnesses. The changes strengthened the role of specialized investigative techniques, making it possible for courts to accept collateral wiretap information and European Union's Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) reports as evidence. The Bulgarian Parliament is also working on legislation that will allow non-conviction based civil asset forfeiture and close down loopholes used by organized crime figures to hide their assets. If passed, this law would likely increase the amount of assets seized in serious drug cases.The Parliament adopted changes to the Narcotics Control Act, which prohibit the cultivation of illegal plants, regardless of their THC concentration, and add new drugs to the list of controlled substances based on rmendations from the Council of Europe. The amendments, which were published on March 19, also banned showing drug-related images and the use of drugs inmercials.Over the past few years, the Bulgarian government, and specifically the Ministry of the Interior, has made significant improvements in its efforts tobat international narcotics trafficking. The GDBOP - Anti-Drug Unit can effectively use wire intercepts and other technical equipment, conduct intelligence analysis to identify long-term trends, and cooperate inplex multilateral investigations. Long-term training provided by DEA and State-INL has improved Bulgarian law enforcement's ability to conduct airport interdictions and financial investigations. Since 2008, a DEA Agent has been embedded with theINCSR 2010 Volume 1 Country Reports158GDBOP Anti-Drug Unit. This has improved international cooperation and Bulgaria's ability to target high level drug traffickers.During the year, one area of concern related to Bulgarias narcotic control strategy was a shift to prioritize countering other-than-narcotics contraband at Bulgarias international borders. One unfortunate effect of this change was that the Bulgarian Customs Agency subordinated many of its best narcotics units to local regional chiefs. As evidenced by the lower seizure rates, these units' loss of independence has adversely affected the ability of Customs to investigate narcotics smuggling and conductprehensive border control operations for illegal drugs.Bulgaria is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention, the 1961 Single Convention as amended by its 1972 Protocol, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances and the 1990 Council of Europe Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure and Confiscation of Proceeds from Crime. Bulgaria is a party to the UN Convention against Corruption and the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its three Protocols. A new U.S.-Bulgarian Extradition Treaty, which entered into force in 2009, now allows the extradition of Bulgarian nationals for a variety of offenses, including drug trafficking charges. In the past, the U.S relied on provisions of the 1988 UN Convention to arrange extraditions for drug offenses from Bulgaria.2. Supply ReductionSignificant narcotics seizures and arrests have taken place both in Bulgaria and outside the country due to the efforts of Bulgarian law enforcement. Of special note is that GDBOP and Customs seized over 21 tons of Acetic Anhydride. This precursor chemical is used in heroin processing and recent DEA forensic analysis indicates it also can be used to manufacture synthetic drugs. In 2010, over 210 kilograms of heroin were seized during international investigations initiated by, or with the assistance of GDBOP. Approximately 110 kilograms were seized outside the country as a direct result of Bulgarian investigative work. In addition, GDBOP assisted in the seizure of about 223 kilograms of cocaine outside Bulgaria.Bulgarian law enforcement has also made significant progress in targeting and arresting major organized crime figures that are involved in narcotics trafficking and a myriad of other crimes. During the year, a multi-year joint operation culminated in the arrest on money laundering charges of five members of a multinational criminal group, designated by the DEA and MOI as a priority target organization.From January to November 2010, MOI seized 115 kg of heroin, 6.5 kg of cocaine, 61 kg of amphetamine substance and 125 kg of amphetamine tablets, 25 kg of synthetic drugs and 3,000 tablets of psychotropic substances, 4 kg of opium, 444 kg of marijuana, and 1,600 kg of dry cannabis, 1,163 kg of green cannabis. From January to November, the Customs Agency seized 190 kg of heroin, 10.5 kg of cocaine, 27 kg and 3680 tablets of synthetic drugs, .28 kg or marijuana, 10 kg of opium and .039 kg of hashish. This is a big drop off from the corresponding period in 2009 in which Customs seized 719 kg of heroin, 234 kg of cocaine, 23 kg of ecstasy, 5 kg of marijuana, 44 kg of hashish and 588 tablets of psychotropic substances.Overall, drug seizures within Bulgaria dropped this year in part due to the prioritization of efforts against contraband described above. According to Bulgarian law enforcement officials, traffickers are also bypassing Bulgaria in favor of the Black Sea or the "northern route" due to tightened security ahead of Bulgaria's entry into the Schengen zone. Heroin travelling the northern route originates in Afghanistan transits Iran and then goes through the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Ukraine before reaching Romania and then the rest of Europe.The only illicit drug crop known to be cultivated in Bulgaria is cannabis, primarily for domestic consumption. The full extent of this illicit drug cultivation is not precisely known, but it is a major source of supplementary ie for retirees in some areas in the southwestern part of the country. A small portion of the production is exported to Greece. Recent evidence suggests that there has been a decreaseINCSR 2010 Volume 1 Country Reports159in the indigenous manufacture of synthetic stimulant products after some illegal laboratories relocated to Serbia, Eastern Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and Armenia in order to be closer to consumers and to reduce risks associated with border crossings. Despite this decrease, there still are indications that drugs such as amphetamines are being produced in Bulgaria in small home-style laboratories. During the year, GDBOP dismantled one such laboratory for the production of amphetamines and two mobile laboratories for methamphetamines.Bulgarias membership in the European Union makes it a desired target for drug trafficking organizations trying to get narcotics to consumer markets in Western Europe. In terms of heroin trafficking, Bulgaria remains primarily a transit country along the Balkan route between production centers in Afghanistan and Pakistan and European consumer markets. Chemicals used for making heroin move through Bulgaria to Turkey and ultimately to Afghanistan. Sporadic cocaine shipments from South America are transported via ship to the Black Sea and then on to Western Europe. From January to November, GDBOPs intelligence led to the arrest of 164 Bulgarian cocaine smugglers abroad,pared to 90 in 2009.Bulgarian law enforcement also reports a surge in the import and local use of so-called ―designer drugs‖, which are usually shipped from China disguised as innocuous chemical products. These drugs are cheap and easily distributed in Bulgaria as they are not on Bulgarias list of controlled substances and are technically legal. Plans are underway to expedite the process for adding new drugs to the controlled substance list which would allow the government to match the pace of the appearance of new drugs on local streets and avoid the lengthy legislative process.3. Drug Abuse Awareness, Demand Reduction, and Treatment.According to the Bulgarian Institute for Addictions and the Bulgarian Association of Methadone Treatment, there are over 300,000 drug addicts in Bulgaria, of which around 30,000 are heroin addicts. Marijuana continues to be the most widely used narcotic, but the trend toward multiple-drug use is on the rise. Statistics from the National Center for Addictions show that nearly a third of high school students and 35.2 percent of students overall have tried drugs at least once.The Bulgarian government includes methadone maintenance as a heroin treatment option in the national healthcare system. Nationwide, there are 30 outpatient clinics offering drug substitution programs with the capacity to treat 5,560 patients and 15 inpatient clinics with the capacity to treat approximately 2,000 drug addicts and alcoholics. None of these facilities has a separate unit for juvenile patients. In addition, there are seven social rehabilitation programs, two of which are long-termmunity based programs. The Bulgarian National Center for Addictions (NCA), co-funded by the EU Monitoring Center for Drug Addictions, conducts prevention campaigns. There are 26 regional councils on narcotics implementing national drug prevention policy at the local level and 22 information centers. The information centers, financially supported by the municipalities, have been consistently under-funded which adversely effects staff retention.On the prevention and treatment side, the changes to the Narcotics Control Act also call for the establishment of a secure internal database that tracks those using treatment programs. The database will contain a unique identification code of the person which guarantees protection of the persons personal data. It also establishes an expert council to consult and support the Minister of Health in developing and implementing addiction treatment policies.4. CorruptionCorruption remains a serious problem in law enforcement and the judiciary. Despite some reforms, the judiciary as a whole (which includes prosecutors and judges) consistently receives poor scores in the area of public confidence in opinion polls. As a matter of government policy, Bulgaria does not encourage or facilitate illicit production or distribution of narcotic or psychotropic drugs or other controlled substances, or the laundering of proceeds from illegal drug transactions. While there is also no evidence that seniorINCSR 2010 Volume 1 Country Reports160Bulgarian officials engage in these activities, during the past year, several former Bulgarian government officials have been implicated in public corruption and/or bribery scandals involving organized crime groups, many of which are involved in narcotics trafficking and/or money laundering.Many NGOs claim that organized crime figures involved in the drug trade have contacts in the police who funnel information to them. NGOs report that corrupt officials are fired, pressured to quit, or most often reassigned rather than prosecuted on corruption related charges.plicated judicial procedures and legal loopholes that allow for excessive case delays make it difficult to prosecute high-profile organized crime and corruption cases effectively.C. National Goals, Bilateral Cooperation, and U.S. Policy InitiativesDEA operations for Bulgaria are managed from the U.S. Consulate General in Istanbul. DEA serves as the primary liaison with the Bulgarian government on counter-narcotics matters. DEA's current emphasis in Bulgaria is on conducting and coordinating joint international investigations with its Ministry of Interior counterparts and providing DEA technical and legal expertise and assistance. DEA also strives to arrange for counter-narcotics training for Bulgarian law enforcement personnel.The U.S. Embassy is also providing State-INL-funded equipment and training to a Joint Organized Crime taskforce, which investigates and prosecutes many of the high profile drug cases. The goal of U.S. funding is to increase the operational capabilities and effectiveness of these specially-vetted units.As part of the International Military Education & Training Program, three Bulgarian Officers attended the U.S. Coast Guards fifteen week International Maritime Officers Course in Yorktown, VA.D. ConclusionThe Bulgarian government has demonstrated political will tobat major organized crime rings and has begun prosecuting numerous cases where the defendants are high-level organized crime figures. The U.S. government will continue to actively support Bulgarias efforts to strengthen its asset forfeiture legislation and anti-corruption laws.Bulgarias emergence as an internationally respected law enforcement partner and its willingness to participate and lead multilateral international investigations is a significant aplishment. Progress in this area has led to significant seizures and arrests in both Bulgaria and throughout the region.More effective oversight of the police and judiciary is necessary to ensure that those guilty ofpromising investigations are themselves investigated and prosecuted. Restoring the Customs Agency's anti-drugs focus would improve Bulgaria's counter narcotics efforts. Bulgaria would also greatly benefit from investing in updated police equipment for its anti-drug units. отговор Сигнализирай

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